Written for online stores in the US selling on their own site or on marketplaces: direct-to-consumer brands, private-label and FBA sellers, dropshippers and subscription sellers.
The short version
- Reward honest reviews, never star ratings.Any incentive must be the same whatever the customer says. Disclose it, and keep a record of how you moderate reviews.
- Make creators disclose every material connection.Free product, commission, payment or family all count. Require clear disclosure in the agreement, then train and monitor your creators.
- Qualify origin claims, text only with consent.Plain 'Made in USA' needs all or virtually all US content and US final assembly or processing. Automated text offers need written consent.
Email and SMS lists, creators and reviews are among the main ways an online store wins customers, and each has its own federal rule, with state consumer laws adding private lawsuits and attorney's fees. Knowing violations of an FTC rule carry civil penalties of up to $53,088 per violation. As of Oct 2026.
Reviews
Fake and bought reviews
No fake reviews or reviews by people who do not exist, no buying reviews conditioned on a particular sentiment, positive or negative, no undisclosed insider reviews, no suppressing reviews by threats or false accusations, and no fake social media indicators. As of Oct 2026.
FTC consumer reviews rule, 16 CFR Part 465
Conditioning a reward on sentiment is banned outright, and knowing violations carry civil penalties per violation.
Creators and affiliates
Disclose every material connection
Any material connection between you and a creator, such as free product, commission, payment or family, must be disclosed clearly and conspicuously, and you must train and monitor your influencers and affiliates. As of Oct 2026.
FTC Endorsement Guides, 16 CFR Part 255
Write it into the agreement: require clear disclosure, set a content license for a stated term, and keep approval rights and a morals clause.
Made in USA
'Made in USA' means all or virtually all
An unqualified claim on a label or product page needs all or virtually all US content, with final assembly or processing in the US. California allows an unqualified claim if foreign parts are no more than 5% of the final wholesale value, or 10% where they are unavailable in the US. As of Oct 2026.
16 CFR Part 323; Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code §17533.7
For example, lamps with 8% imported components by final wholesale value exceed California's 5% limit (the 10% limit applies only where those parts cannot be obtained in the US), and the FTC standard is 'all or virtually all' US content. Qualify the claim today, as in 'Made in USA from imported and domestic parts'.
Prices, email and texts
- Drip pricing: in California the advertised price must include all mandatory fees and charges except government taxes and shipping (Civ. Code §1770(a)(29)). The FTC's junk fees rule covers only live-event tickets and short-term lodging, but drip pricing in e-commerce still falls under FTC Act §5 and state law. As of Oct 2026.
- Email: CAN-SPAM needs no consent, but requires accurate header and subject lines, identification as an ad, a valid physical postal address and a working opt-out honored within 10 business days. As of Oct 2026.
- Texts: marketing texts sent with automated systems need prior express written consent under the TCPA, with statutory damages of $500 per text, up to $1,500 if willful, and only between 8 a.m. and 9 p.m. in the recipient's time zone. As of Oct 2026.
The marketplaces you sell on
Under the INFORM Consumers Act, a seller with 200 or more sales of new or unused products and at least $5,000 of gross revenue in any continuous 12 months during the previous 24 months is a high-volume seller. The marketplace verifies your bank, tax ID and contact details, requires annual recertification, and suspends future sales if you do not supply them within 10 days after notice. At $20,000 or more a year on the platform, buyers see your name, physical address and contact method, with limited exceptions. As of Oct 2026.
Register your trademark before you build a brand on Amazon: Brand Registry accepts a registered or pending USPTO trademark, and the USPTO base application fee is $350 per class since January 18, 2025, plus surcharges. As of Oct 2026.
Asked in Greymill
The reviews: offer the $10 for any honest review, good or bad. Disclose the incentive, and keep a record of how you moderate reviews.
The texts: automated marketing texts need prior express written consent under the TCPA, the federal law on calls and texts. Send only between 8 a.m. and 9 p.m. in their time zone (As of Oct 2026). Check how each number was collected.
The stakes: statutory damages of $500 per text, up to $1,500 if willful (As of Oct 2026).
One automated send to 2,000 numbers without written consent: 2,000 x $500 = $1,000,000, or 2,000 x $1,500 = $3,000,000 if willful.
On the reviews: knowing violations of an FTC rule carry civil penalties of up to $53,088 per violation (As of Oct 2026).
Paste your review email and I'll make it rating-neutral.
Ask it about your own business
Paste this into Greymill with your own figures, and Marketing works it through for your business.
I run an online shop in [state], in the US. Check my marketing against the FTC and state rules: my review request [paste], a creator brief [paste], any origin claims [paste], the fees shown at checkout [list], and how I collect email and SMS sign-ups [describe]. Tell me what to change first.
More for online retail and ecommerce in the US
- Knowing what an order earns after landed cost, tariffs, free shipping and returnsWork out contribution margin per order with duty in your landed cost, the ROAS you need to break even, and what a tariff change does to both.Read the lesson
- Paying for inventory and ads weeks before the platforms pay youBuild a 13-week cash flow on real payout timing, plan for reserves, holds and chargebacks, and turn any revenue-based advance into an APR before you sign.Read the lesson
- Sales tax when Amazon collects some of it and your stock sits in other statesHow economic and inventory nexus work for an online seller, what marketplace facilitator laws do and do not cover, the state income tax and tariff refund traps, and why to clean up past exposure before you sell.Read the lesson
- Proving the products you import or private-label are legal to sellIf you import or private-label, you are in the chain the law holds responsible: the certificates, testing, warnings and reports your products need before they go live.Read the lesson
- Shipping promises, a refund policy that holds up, and the 3PL clause that caps your lossFederal and state rules decide what your shipping times, refund policy, warranties and subscriptions must say, and your 3PL and supplier contracts decide who pays when stock is lost.Read the lesson
- Paying packers, an overseas assistant and a freelance designer the right wayOnline sellers lean on packers, virtual assistants and freelancers: how classification works for each, which tax form each one needs, and the wage rules that bite at peak.Read the lesson
- A Prop 65 notice or a website accessibility demand letter has arrivedWhat to do in the first days after a Prop 65 60-day notice or an ADA website demand letter, and how to make the next one less likely.Read the lesson
Open the interactive lesson · Every online retail and ecommerce lesson · What Greymill knows about the trade
Sources
The primary sources behind this lesson, checked Oct 2026.
- 16 CFR 1.98(d) and (e) as adjusted on Jan 17, 2025 (90 FR, FR Doc. 2025-01361) (FTC rules: advertising, reviews, shipping and made in USA)
- 16 CFR Part 465 (FTC rules: advertising, reviews, shipping and made in USA)
- 16 CFR Part 255 (FTC rules: advertising, reviews, shipping and made in USA)
- 16 CFR 435.1, 435.2 (FTC rules: advertising, reviews, shipping and made in USA)
- 16 CFR Part 323 (FTC rules: advertising, reviews, shipping and made in USA)
- BPC §17533.7(b), (c) (FTC rules: advertising, reviews, shipping and made in USA)
- BPC §17600 to §17606 (Auto-renewal, drip pricing, email, texts and privacy)
- GBL §527-a (Auto-renewal, drip pricing, email, texts and privacy)
- Civ. Code §1770(a)(29) (Auto-renewal, drip pricing, email, texts and privacy)
- 47 USC 227(b)(3) (Auto-renewal, drip pricing, email, texts and privacy)
- 47 CFR 64.1200(c)(1) (Auto-renewal, drip pricing, email, texts and privacy)
- Fla. Stat. §501.059 (Auto-renewal, drip pricing, email, texts and privacy)
- FTC guidance (Marketplaces: fees, account health, INFORM act and brand protection)
- Account Health help pages (Marketplaces: fees, account health, INFORM act and brand protection)
- 37 CFR 2.6(a)(1) (Marketplaces: fees, account health, INFORM act and brand protection)
- 17 USC 512(c), (f) (Marketplaces: fees, account health, INFORM act and brand protection)
- "Who is covered by the INFORM Consumers Act?", "What information must online marketplaces collect?" (Marketplaces: fees, account health, INFORM act and brand protection)
- UCC §7-209 (Contract red flags)
- UCC §7-204(b) (Contract red flags)
- 17 USC 204(a) (Contract red flags)
- §25249.11(b); §25249.7(b)(1), (d), (f); §25249.12 (Hard cases: demand letters, consumer rules and products)
- 42 USC 12188(a) (Hard cases: demand letters, consumer rules and products)
- 81 Cal. App. 5th 1026 (2022) (Hard cases: demand letters, consumer rules and products)
- BPC §17602, §17603 (Hard cases: demand letters, consumer rules and products)
- CBP de minimis guidance; Executive Order of Jul 30, 2025; 2025 reconciliation act (Pitfalls that embarrass the product)
- What changed (Pitfalls that embarrass the product)
- Threshold (Pitfalls that embarrass the product)
- Custom Communications, Inc. v. FTC (8th Cir. Jul 8, 2025) (Pitfalls that embarrass the product)
- 16 CFR Part 464 (Pitfalls that embarrass the product)
- Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump, No. 24-1287, slip opinion; CBP CSMS #67834313 (Pitfalls that embarrass the product)